Air cooled internal combustion engine



Aprll 18, 1933. J B. POWERS AIR COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed July 9, 1929 I l d VEN TOR.

A TTORNEYS April 18, 1933. J. B. POWERS 1,904,880

AIR COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed July 9, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY5.

April 18, 1933. J. B. POWERS 1,904,880

' AIR COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed July 9, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 QKQ r@TOR. @m WZWWW A TTORNEYS April 18, 193 J. B. POWERS AIR COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed July 9, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 MfiENTON. @M7/ A TTORNEYS' April 18, 1933. i J. B. POWERQS 1,904,880

AIR COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed July 9, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 QJNVENTOR.

A TTORN E Y5 Patented Apr. I I8, 1933 A UNITED" STATES Pxrenr' oFFic-E P i 1 JAMES B. rown asor syniicusn, NEW YoRx' nmcooLn'n INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE" I Application filed July 9, 1929, Serial" No. erases. Renewed March 9, .1932.

This invention relates to internal combus-' tion engines and has for its object a particularly simple and efficient means for air cooling the exhaust valve and the hot portion of the cylinders adj acent the valve and hence air cooling the engine. 7

The invention consists in the novel features and in the combinations and constructions hereinafter set forth and claimed.

In describing this invention referencev is had to the accompanying drawings in which like characters designate corresponding parts in all the views.

Fig. 1 is a plan view, partly broken away, of anengine embodying my invention.

Figs. 2 and 3 are side elevations of parts seen in Fig. 1.

sectional view approximately on line 55,

.Fig. 4 is a front elevation, parts being omitted of the engine, seen in Fig. 1 s p Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical Fig. 1, the valve casings being omitted,

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on line 66, Fig. 5.

Fig. 7

is a sectional view on line 7-7, Fig. 5.1

Fig. 8 is a horizontal sectional view on 1 line 88, Fig. 5. I

Figs. 9 and 10 are respectively a plan and side elevation of an engine block with an L head embodying my inventiomFig. 9 being partly broken away.

Fig. 11 is a sectional View on line 11 1j1, r Fig. 9.

In air cooled engines, the valves are preferably located in the heads of the cylinders and the exhaust valves because air cannot be brought into intimate contact therewith b h t d d the uides for the' ecome Over ea 8 an g 'erally toward one sideof the engine and valve rods become'burned oif, andalso because of the high temperature of the cylinder or the head thereof adjacent the exhaust valves relatively to the temperature of the cylinder adjacent the intake valve, the cylinder head warps out of shape so that the exhaust valve does not seat accurately,l re-:

exhaust valves. V g

This invention consists'ina cylinder construction particularly a cylinder head conthe greater groups and the detachable heads correspondstruction whereby the cooling air current is brought into intimate contact with thee xhaust valve and the portion of the cylinder acent the exhaust valve head, cooling the I exhaust valve and lowering, to a large extent, g

ingly formed. The cylinders are here-shown as surrounded by jackets 3. The cylinder wall is left rough or formed with small integral heat radiating flanges. The heads 2 are formedwith chambers 4 for the exhaust 70 .gases,the chambers 4 communicating with the exhaust manifold through outlets 5. The

outlets 5 are usually located opposite the spaces between the cylinders. The'head wall 6 is formed. with an exhaust port 7 which 7 discharges into thechamber4t of the head,

this portbeing controlled an exhaustvalve. 8 having its stem-9' extendingyupwardly through the top of the adjacent chamber 4 and movable in the usual guide 10 mounted .80

in the top;,wall 11 of the exhaust chamber 4:.

A guide bushing 18 is'mountedin the guide 10.

In ordinary air cooled combustion engines,

the temperature is so high as to destroy the valve guides and bushings and to warp the head ofthecylinder. l The headgis also formed with an intake port 14 extendingthrough'the chamberthereof; the intake port curvesupwardly and latcouples to the intake manifold 15, while the chamber 4 dischargesthrough the port 7 into sulting in loss of powerand burning of the m fll', llsllaHY by overhead-mechanism as' V rocker arms which are actuated by push rods (See Wilkinson Patent, 1,624,453, dated April 12, 1927.) The overhead mechanism, rocker arms, is located in caslngs mounted" outer nozzle communicating at its outer side with the outer air through holes 31 in the uter overhanging margin of the head walls on the cylinder heads. The hollow head is'a 6, the holes 31 opening into the jackets 3.

provided with inlets for cooling air currents arranged to discharge against the cyhnder headwall-G, the valve heads 8 and stems 9.

In a multi cylinder engine, the exhaust ports of adjacent cylinders are usually arranged side by side so that the exhaust ports of the cylinders Nos. 1 and2 are arranged nearest the space between the cylinders Nos. 1'

and 2 and the exhaust ports of the cylinders Nos. 3 and 4, are locatednearest the space between those cylinders and each chamber 4 is common to the exhaust valves of eachpair of cylinders and the top wall 11 thereof is dome-shaped.

' Preferably, an air-cooling chamber 17 is located in the lower part of the chambers 4 and the head walls 6 and separatedfrom the main partof the chamber 4 by a partition 18. The air cooling chamber is common to all the cylinders of the block.

cluding the head wall 6 and exhaust-chambers are preferably integral.- Owing to'spacing of the supports for the overhead valve mechanism the head structure is open to circulation of air outside the head.

The partitions 18 are formed with openings 21 aligned with the exhaust ports 7 and areformed' with depending inverted funnels or Venturi nozzles 22, the lower edges of which are spaced from the head walls 6. The head walls are formed comparatively thin (about one half inch) and are formediwith reinforcing and heat radiating ribs 23 on their upper side in the cooling chamber 17, these ribs radiating from the'exhaust ports 7 andterminating short of the upper edges of the chamber 17. Preferably the air is forced into the chambers 17. i

As here shown the air intakes are located between each two cylinders and are arranged to discharge transversely of the exhaust chambers or the air cooling chamber portions thereof. The air is discharged into the chambers 17 through jet nozzles 25 which communicate with an air conduit 26 extending lengthwise of the line of cylinders, and communicating at one end with the outlet 27 of'a blower or fan casing 28- having the fan rotor thereof mounted on the front end of the crankshaft of the engine, as in the well known Franklin engine illustrated in the Wilkinson- Patent No. 1,624,453, issued April 12, 1927'.

The nozzles are arranged in juxtaposition to outer nozzles 30 to form injectors, the

19 is the top wall of the air cooling chambers 17 outside of the The " The injector acts to draw air by suction through the jackets of the cylinders. Ob-

viously, the current of airpassing through the nozzles 25 and 30 is' directed against the exhaust valve heads 8, the stems 9 and flanges 23 and alsothe hot. portion of the cylinder head wall around the exhaust ports 7, and this currentof aircools the exhaust gases by mingling with them immediately as the gases pass throughthe port 7. The exhaust passes through the funnel 22 into the exhaust dome 4 with an injector action which sucks the air upwardly through the acket 3, holes 31, thus creating an upward currentof air around the cylinders. The jackets have inlet holes 22 at their lower ends and one of these inlets 32 of each cylinder or pair may be connecte to the blower casing-if desired.

Although the partition 18 may be omitted nevertheless, I prefer to employ it to provide for the Venturi nozzles 30 which causes the exhaust to have an injector action in the exhaust domes 4 and prevent the exhaust from backing up in the chamber 17 and possibly out through the airnozzles 25 against the air pressure and also the partition 18 provides for extending the air chamber 17 across the heads of the cylinders or provides for an air chamber common to a plurality of all of the cylinders sothat, when the exhaust valve of any one cylinder is closed and the air blowing into the chamber 17 adjacent such exhaust valve, the air in the chamber will not be trapped but will always have an outlet through the exhaust manifold either through the exhaust dome 4 adjacent thereto or through an exhaust dome more remote through which the cylinder of that remote exhaust dome is in the act of discharging.

Although I have shown my air cooling system as applied to a valve-in-the-head motor in Figs. 1 to- 8 conclusive, nevertheless, it may be applied to any type of motor and in Figs.

9, 10 and 11 it is shown as applied to an L- head motor. In the form shown in Figs. 9, 10, and 11, 33 is the air chamber which is common to a plurality'or all of the cylinders.

34 is the pipe through which air is supplied to the chamber 33 from the fan or other source. 35 is the exhaust dome 0r passage;

36, the exhaust valve therein and 37, the exhaust manifold. 38 is the exhaust port which extends over into the L of the head.

39 is the intake port formed in each head and 40 are the faces at the outer ends of the port 39 to which the intake manifold is secured. 41 is a plug in the upper wall of the exhaust port in'linewith the valve for permitting the insertion or removal of the exhaust valve through a work hole 42 in the top wall of the head which work hole is closed by a plug 43 in the top wall of the head, The intakevalves are removable and replaceable in a similarmanner. 44 designates the. plugs for the intake valves corresponding to the plugs 43: 45 are air holes through which the air is sucked into the chamber 33 by the Q injector or ejector action of the exhaust gases through the exhaust port-38 and into the exhaust dome 35. 46 are the heat radiatingand reinforcing flanges on the head wall arranged to direct the air onto thewalltof the exhaust passage 36. i w

Insofar as the principal feature of my-in-- vention is concerned the jackets maybe omitted and the air drawn into the head,

when the exhaust valvesare opened, by the injector or ejector action of the exhaust. In

hot

the form shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 11, when the exhaustvalve is opened the air is drawn through the chamber 33 over the exhaust passage 38 anddown around and incontact with the lower side of the L of the head formation around the exhaust valve andthe seat thereof and thejet created through the open exhaust valve creates the suction in the chamber 33 to draw in the air. The air mingles with the exhaust inthe dome 35. The air in passing to the exhaust dome passes over and in contactfwith the cylinder head wall and the reinforcing and heat radiatingfianges. VJ hen the top exhaust valve is closed the air is'blown in direct contact with the head wall of the cylinder. 5

Inany form of myinvention, the cooling current of airnnngles with the exhaust gases presence of a suitablecatalyser in the exhaust system as for instance copper bars or plates may be placed in the exhaust system or the exhaust manifold or a portion thereof may be formed ofcopper.

l/Vhat I claim is: 1 In an internal combustion engine, the

- combination of a cylinder, a head for the 7 air current over the outside wall of the cylQ cylinder formed with an exhaust chamber havlng inlets for coohng air and having a port opening between the cylinder and the exhaust chamber formed to cause injector action by the exhaust gases for drawing a cooling inder and into said chamber.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, ahead for the cylinder formed with an exhaust chamber and an opening between the cylinder and the ex haust; chamber, said opening being of injector form, a valvefor 'controllingthe flow of exhaust gas through-the openingfan air inlet into the exhaust chamber throughiwhich a air is drawn from over-the ,outsidewallof the head by the inj ector" action of-the exhaust.-

'3. In an internal combustion englne the.

combination of'av cylindeigahead forgthei 7 cylinder formedrwith an exhaust chamber: and a port opening from the cylinderwmto the chamber, avalve for controlling said port, an air passage open tothe air at the lower end cylinder and intosaidchamber. I 1 4. Inian air cooled iIltGIllttl-COIIlbUStlOIl gine, the combination of'a cylinder, a hollow head mounted on the cylinder and en-,-

and leading acrossthe outsidewalls of'the closing an'exhaust chamberfor connection'v. to'the exhaust manifold, the bottomllwall of the chamber, which separates the chambers from the interiorof thecylinder, having an exhaust port, an exhaust valve for control-r in said chamber, having an opening in line with the exhaust port," and means-for passing a current of air transversely into the chamber below the partition. g

5." In an air cooled internalcombustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a hollow head mounted on'ithe cylinder-and en I closing an exhaust'chamber for connection to the exhaust manifold, "the bottom wall of the chamber which separates the chamber ffromthe interior of the cylinder, having an exhaust'port, an exhaust' valve for control ling said port having a stem extending through the chamber, a transverse'fpartition in said chamber having an opening in line with the exhaust port, and means for passing a current ofair transversely into thechamber, comprising an injector nozzle discharging into thechamber below the partition.

6. In an air cooled internal combustion em:

gine, the combination of a cylinder,a' hollow; head mounted on the cylinder and enclosing an exhaust chamber for connectioirto' the inder arranged to-discharge intosaid-chamher having an exhaust port, an exhaust valve controlling said port having a stem extending upwardly through the chamber, means j exhaust manifold, the head wall of the 'cyla" V i I for passmga currentof air-transversely o against the valve, lt'sstemland head wallof the cylinder comprising a nozzle directed into said chamber and opening on'its outer side into the outer air and a jet nozzle extending into the outer nozzle and arranged therein "to form an injector and means'for forcing air into the nozzle. f 1 i a 7. In an internalfcombustion engine, the f combination of'a cylinder having a hollow head mounted on the c'ylinderfan exhaust" port in thewall of the head which separates the chamber from the interior of the cylinder, I

an intake valve pertfextending from thefcylinder through said chamber,-"-the" exhaust.

85 ling said port having a stem extending through the chamber, atransver'seipartltion V s valve port. opening; into said chamber, a valve for controlling the exhaust: port and having a stem. extending through said chamber, a valve steni guide extending: into said chame-ber and means for passing a'current of air combination of a plurality of cylinders, a-

through said chamber intocontact with the exhaust valve,.the guide andthe walls of' said chamber adjacent the valve.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the

head mounted on the cylinders, and formed With an internal exhaust chamber and with a transverse partition. therein, the cylinder head wallof said chamber being formed with izxan exhaust port, the partition being provided with an opening aligned with the exhaust port, an-intake port formed in the cylinder head wall and a passage leading therefrom,

for connection to the intake manifold, in-

Ltake and exhaust valves in said'ports, the exhaust valve having its stem extending through said opening in the partition and the top wall of the exhaustchamber being provided with a guide for the stem of the exhaust valve and an inlet for air opening into the chamber below said partition.

9. Inan internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of cylinders, a head mountedon the cylinders and formed w with an internal exhaust chamber andwith a transverse partition therein, the cylinder headwall of said chamber being formed with an exhaust-port, the partition being provided with an opening aligned with the exhaust ,port, an intake port formed in the cylinder head wall and apassage leading therefrom, for connection to the intake manifold, intake and exhaust valves in said ports, the exhaust valve having .its stem extending through said -5 opening in the partition through the top wall of the exhaust chamber, said top wall being.

providedwitlra guide for the stem-of the exhaust valve, an inlet for air opening into the chamber below said partition, and means for forcing air into the chamber below the partition. I

10. In an internal combustion. engine, the combination of a plurality of cylinders,a head mounted on the cylinders, and formed ,awithan internal exhaust chamber and with atransverse partition therein, the cylinder head wall'of said chamber being formed with an exhaust port, the partition being provided with an opening aligned with the exhaust zport, an intake port formed in the cylinder head'wall and a passage leading therefrom, for connection to the intake manifold, intake and exhaust valves in said ports, the exhaust valve having its stem extending through said opening in the partition and through the top wall of the exhaust chamber, said top wall being providedwith a guide for the stem of the exhaust valve and an outlet for air open ing into the chamber below said partition, the

i p ortion of the chamber below the partition having an opening therein, and means for forcing air into the chamber below the partition.

11'. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of cylinders, a'

head mounted on the cylinders and formed with internal exhaust chambers and a transverse partition vtherein, the cylinder head.

walls of said chambers being formed'with exhaust orts the artition bein rovided with openingsaligned with the exhaust ports, intake ports formed in the cylinder head walls and passages leading therefromfor connection to the intake manifold, intake and exhaust valves in: said ports, eachexhaust valve having its stem extendingthrough one of said openings in the partition and through the top of the exhaust chamber, said top wall being provided with a guide for the stem of .the exhaust valve and inlets for air opening into the chambers below said'partition, mare gins of the cylinder head walls overhanging the cylinder wall and being provided with openings into the portion of the chamber below the partition, and jackets around the cyl 'inders and comunicating at their upper ends with said openings, the ackets having inlet-s for air.

12. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of cylinders, a

head mounted on the cylinders and formed with internal exhaust chambers with a transverse partition therein, the cylinder- "here below said partition, the cylinder head wall overhanging the cylinder wall and being provided with openings into the portion of the chamber below the partition, jackets around the cylinders and communicating at their upper ends with said openings, the' jackets having inlets for air, and means for blowing air into the chamber below said par tition.

13. In an internal combustion englne, the

combination of a head having an exhaust port, an exhaust chamber havingan injector therein in juxtaposition to the exhaust port whereby the exhaust is passed into said chamber with an injector action, an exhaust valve and means for passing air in said chamber around said port and valve.

14, In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having its head formed with an air chamber, an exhaust port, and an exhaust dome, the exhaust port being arranged to discharge into the dome with an injector action and the air chamber communicating with said dome, the air chamber having inlets and an exhaust valve for controlling said port.

15. In an internal combustionv engine the combination of a cylinder having its head formed with an air chamber, an exhaust dome, and an exhaust port, the exhaust port beingarranged to discharge into the dome, the air chamber communicating with said dome, an exhaust valve for controlling said port, said chamber being provided with passages for air around the valve and port and over the head wall of the cylinders.

16. In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine the combination of cylinders having their head formed with an air chamber,

exhaust domes and exhaust ports being arranged to discharge into the domes respectively with an injector action and the air chamber communicating with each dome, the

air chamber having air inlets, exhaust valves for controlling said ports, and means for passing air into said chamber around the exhaust valves and ports and over the head walls of the cylinders. V

17. In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine the combination of cylinders having their head formed With an air chamber, exhaust domes and an exhaust ports being arranged to discharge into the domes respectively with an injector action and the air chamber communicating with each dome, the air chamber having air inlets,- exhaust valves for controlling said ports, and means for passing air into said chamber around the exhaust valves and ports and over the head walls of the cylinders, said air chamber being common to a plurality of cylinders and the exhaust domes individual to the exhaust ports of the cylinder.

18. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having intake and exhaust valves in the head thereof, an exhaust chamber having an opening alined with the port controlled by the exhaust valve, and an air j acket'between the cylinder head and the exhaust chamber, the air jacket having an inlet for air, and discharging into said opening around the exhaust valve, and valve opcrating mechanism.

In testimony whereof, I have Vhereunt signed my name, at Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, and State of New York, this 2nd day of July, 1929;

JAMES B. POWERSQ 

